GHS Labeling Decoded: The Secret Sauce to Workplace Safety

Chemical safety is critical in ensuring a secure work environment. Globally Harmonized System (GHS) labels are a key tool in hazard communication, helping workers recognize and manage risks effectively. In this guide, we’ll explore GHS labeling requirements, their components, and how to apply them in your workplace.

By adopting GHS, workplaces improve chemical hazard awareness, ensuring safer practices for employees and protecting the environment.

GHS is a universal standard developed by the United Nations to streamline hazard communication. It replaces inconsistent regional systems with standardized labels, pictograms, and Safety Data Sheets (SDS).

Clear roles are essential to the effective implementation of GHS. Each player in the chemical supply chain has specific responsibilities.

Manufacturers, Distributors, and Importers

These entities classify chemicals, create SDSs, and label containers with GHS-compliant labels. Their efforts ensure that hazard information is communicated at the source.

Employers

Employers maintain safety in the workplace by managing SDSs, training employees, and ensuring every hazardous chemical container has the appropriate label. A written Hazard Communication Program (HCP) is also required to outline compliance strategies.

By understanding these roles, workplaces can create a cohesive safety framework.

GHS labels are vital for quick hazard identification. Each label contains seven standardized elements that communicate critical information.

Product Identifier

This is the unique identifier for the chemical, such as its trade name, chemical name, or product code. It links the label to the corresponding SDS.

Signal Words

Labels feature one of two signal words: “Danger” for severe hazards or “Warning” for less serious risks. These words grab attention immediately.

Hazard Statements

These statements describe the chemical’s risks, such as “Highly flammable” or “Causes serious eye damage,” offering precise details about potential dangers.

Precautionary Statements

Precautionary statements outline how to prevent exposure, respond to spills, and safely store or dispose of the chemical.

Pictograms

Nine universally recognized pictograms provide visual cues for hazards like flammability, toxicity, or environmental harm.

Supplier Information

This section identifies the manufacturer, distributor, or importer, including contact details for further inquiries.

Supplemental Information

Any additional safety or regulatory details not covered in other sections are listed here.

Understanding these elements enables workers to recognize hazards and take the necessary precautions.

GHS pictograms are diamond-shaped symbols with red borders that visually communicate hazards. Here’s a quick overview:

• Flame: Indicates flammable or explosive substances.
• Health Hazard: Warns of risks like cancer or respiratory damage.
• Exclamation Mark: Highlights irritants or less severe health effects.
• Gas Cylinder: Identifies compressed gases.
• Corrosion: Signifies risks to skin, eyes, or metals.
• Exploding Bomb: Indicates explosive materials.
• Flame Over Circle: Warns of oxidizing chemicals.
• Environment: Highlights ecological risks.
• Skull and Crossbones: Represents high toxicity.

Familiarity with these pictograms helps workers quickly assess chemical risks.

GHS labels aren’t just for decoration. They’re a critical safety tool. Let’s break down a real-world example:

Example: Cleaning Agent Label

• Product Identifier: “Cleaner-X” matches the SDS for reference.
• Signal Word: “Warning” suggests moderate hazards.
• Pictograms: Includes “Exclamation Mark” for skin irritation.
• Hazard Statements: Specifies risks like “Causes skin irritation.”
• Precautionary Statements: Recommends wearing gloves and rinsing exposed skin with water.
• Supplier Information: Lists the manufacturer’s contact details.

Interpreting these details ensures workers understand the risks and follow safety protocols.

GHS labels must be applied consistently across various containers and scenarios to ensure safety.

Original Containers

Manufacturers and importers label all original chemical containers before distribution. These labels remain until the container is cleaned and deemed safe.

Secondary Containers

If chemicals are transferred to another container, such as spray bottles, the new container must also carry a GHS-compliant label.

Small Containers

For small containers like vials, labels may use pull-out tags or include minimal required elements, with full details on the secondary packaging.

Transport Packaging

When chemicals are transported, immediate containers must display GHS labels. Outer packaging should also comply with Department of Transportation (DOT) labeling standards.

Employers play a vital role in maintaining GHS labeling standards in the workplace.

• Provide SDS Access: Ensure SDSs are accessible in both physical and digital formats during all shifts.
• Train Employees: Regularly train workers on reading and understanding GHS labels and SDSs.
• Ensure Label Integrity: Replace damaged or missing labels immediately to maintain compliance.

By fulfilling these responsibilities, employers create a safer workplace and ensure regulatory adherence.

Expand Your Knowledge with Hazard Communication Training

This guide offers a foundation in GHS labeling, but there’s more to learn. For a deeper understanding of hazard communication, consider enrolling in our Hazard Communication: GHS Labeling Requirements Training Course.

References

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): https://www.osha.gov/hazcom

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/OSHA3514.pdf

U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT): https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/hazardous-materials/how-comply-federal-hazardous-materials-regulations